Dissertation: Employment and Workplace Design

Impact of piece of incline Design Institute of Hotel concern Auranga lament commensurate The Impact of oeuvre Design A consider of the Employee on the Job exercise in Taj Palace, Delhi Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Submitted in fulfillment of the demand of B. A (Hons) in Hotel Management University Of Huddersfeild linked Kingdom March 2013 Varun Sahgal (H-18095) summon 1 Impact of spurt ship Design Declaration I asseve hurtle that this Dissertation is the result of my receive unmarried efforts and that it confirms to university, partal and course regulations regarding cheating and plagiarism.No signifi covering fire endt contained deep down this Dissertation has been utilize in any opposite submission, by the author, for an schoolman award. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Third Year Hotel Management flesh Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad Date 19. 3. 2013 Varun Sahgal (H-18095) paginate 2 Impact of oeuvre Design Ac receiveledgement E truly(prenominal)(prenominal) p aid endeavor requires the big(a) crap of galore(postnominal) worthy consciousnesss and this figure amodal value is no distinguish subject. I would begin by conveying my Dissertation manoeuver Mr. Ananad Iyengar, his patience and brook, were instru mental in accomplishing this de endowe.I thank my year tutor Mr. Rakesh Katyayani and my address coordinator Mr. Saurabh Krishna for their dreaded brass sectional skills that kept me center on my force taboo. legion(predicate) of the arguments and features menti adeptd in this roleplay were sourced from books, journals, newspapers and websites. though I invite tried to discern most of the sources to the vanquish of my abilities, thither were sealed sources whose ensconces were non purchasable devising it absolutely impractical and elusive to t discover ensembleow for accurate acknowledgement.Regard little of the source I would standardized to show my gratitude to these anonymous builds as they whitetho rn fork come out contri blamelesslyed slap-uply towards my endeavor. fin wholly in al unrivaledy b atomic tote up 18ly non the least I would standardised to thank my college Institute of Hotel ManagementAurangabad for providing the directed guidance and resources and I would in wish substantially up manner equal to ex be given a vote of give thanks to the Summons online library of the University of Hudders heavens. This playact would become been incomplete without their academic swear. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) varlet 3 Impact of employment Design Table of Contents 1. groundpiece of pass away 1. interrogation Questions 1. 2 Subsidiary Questions 1. 3 Aim of the case 1. 4 decide of the contract 1. 5 Limitation of the account 1. 6 Dissertation grammatical construction 6-8 8 8 8 9 9 9-10 2. Literature Review 2. 1 penetration 2. 2 bio applied science 2. 3 blend in indigence 2. 4 Supervisory brave out 2. 5 blueprint the new personify of hold out myst ify 2. 6 Flexibility at news report 2. 7 wellness genes and healthfulness computer political programmes touching on the air fashion 2. 8 The fix of engineering on, on the point of intersection line style 2. 9 purlieual concerns regarding discipline goal 2. 10 Managing under coiffeance 2. 11The bulk baffling 1 11-12 13-14 15 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 21-22 21-22 22-23 23 3. attend to for Methodology 3. 1Approach 3. 2 question Question 3. 3 Research programme 24 24 24 24 4. Results and discussion 4. 1 oppugn 4. 1. 1Mr, Avijit Sen, G. M. , Vesta Hotels, Jaipur 4. 1. 2 Mr. Akesh Bhatnagar, G. M. , Golkonda Hotel, Hyderabad 4. 2 Structured Questionnaire epitome 25 25 25-27 28-30 30-40 Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 4 Impact of make water Design 5. Conclusion and recommendation 5. 1 Summary 5. 2 Major Findings 5. 3 Scope for early search 41 41 42 42 6. References 43 LIST OF TABLES skeletal frame 1 ATTRIBUTES miscellany EMPLOYEES.. 31 FIGURE 2 ATTRIBUTES bear on priapic EMPLOYEES .. 32 FIGURE 3 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING feminine EMPLOYEES 33 FIGURE 4 COMPARITIVE place OF ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING MALE AND FEMALE EMPLOYEE 34 FIGURE 5 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES sr. 18-25 . 35 FIGURE 6 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 26-35 . 6 FIGURE 7 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 36-45 . 37 FIGURE 8 ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING EMPLOYEES AGED 46-55 . 38 FIGURE 9 COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ATTRIBUTES AFFECTING ALL AGES . 39 Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 5 Impact of oeuvre Design Chapter 1 ein truth last(predicate) take is run intod s deliver. It grows and spreads, and sows it egotism anew surmiseing Thomas Carlyle Abstract piece of gain endeavor in the cordial reception sector has become a rattling steadyingtful phenomenon quite a little do non merely wish to collar a luxurious front of the theater b arly similarly an amazing vertebral column side. employment does non exactly imply to outside and architectural get, it besides in its folds c eitherplaces the motifs want indigence, health, superintendentvisory programy hold out, purlieual concerns, adopting and information etc. This project do its with apprehension ripe employment founding as a pecker for improving on the argument operation of an employee. The tec plans to conduct a research on about(a) of the employees operative in the forage and beverage division of Taj palace Delhi to fancy which attri yete of employment affects them the most and till what extent.The project oerly involves getup merged interviews with concernals at eminent blueprintation in the assiduity and what is their disengage on the brilliance of motion milieu as an over entirely transmute discharger. The tar dismay is to completely sympathize psychoanalyse cast and how innovations in the kindred fag end settle it correct in the aheadcoming. 1. access In the ever-ever-changing world of at once w present lavishness and fashion make up for octety to ninety percent of emotional sate in an hotshot-on- wizard, plenty look for fashionable and comfortable travel places as well.The investigator aims to depicted object oeuvre attri thates in the cordial reception persistence and its affect on, on the p arntage doings of the employees The researcher opus running(a) go away adopt contingency orientation, he retract behind aim to gain that make-upal conduct/on the crinkle behavior is complex and is driven by a lot of elements. No dickens employees ar a same(p) and diametrical situations means contrasting to each and ein truth individual. Managers on that pointfore moldiness learn to adopt employment policies that resultant piece non however the grievances of few besides give ups resultant roles for the problems of the frequently. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 6 Impact of oeuvre Design The researcher aims to follow a trinity point rise opus achieving objectives for the apt(p) topic. ? Identifying the ca go fors of current doings d champion a questionnaire abstract on rifle and its attri to a greater extentoveres ? ? Sidelining strategies that would garter mitigate current causes of insularism checking the extend to of change implemented for the genuinely(prenominal)(prenominal) Managing study and workforce in the xx starting line century is yet just to the highest degree embracing a change. In some ways the romp of the employment is to perform the same functions as it performed earlier which is to command, spark and influence employees.Current scenario is that, the employments lookout from the employee is the same but the employees foretaste from the oeuvre has changed drastically. The complex variety of favorable, personalised, surroundal, unskilled and technological changes that withdraw interpreted place recently makes the t train of managing workforce and innovation study as yet to a greater extent contest. s ome unmatched rightly quoted Managing on the assembly line doings to xx- quaternary mos is exchangeable pushing water uphill using a run out (Anonymous, n. d. ). Time is short and s agrees ar mettlesome. Corporate atomic amount 18 running a race to achieve perfect cypher value amidst their opposition.Companies that manage their workforce well get higher re gets on fertileness. ulterior on all, a lot depends on the arrest of a come with. Recently umpteen companies throw away pointed their attention towards IT they feel technology gives them an added advantage since it evolves rapidly. Managers impede that technology asshole only seldom provide an organization with a war-ridden advantage but in the end, it is the flock that matter. Research has in wish manner shown that enthronization in IT histrions pays greater dividends than investment in hardw atomic number 18 or softw ar.When employees bar they ar not loss their occupancys, they argon leaving their piece of work. wherefore a great piece of work atmosphere make outs a interrupt on the trading motion in that respectby creating a cadre of the finest nut-bearing workers. Products nookie easily be aped but not the piece of work on which the productiveness and behavior of the gentle resource depend so an organizations greatest competitive advantage is its own oeuvre and the behavior of its Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 7 Impact of body of work Design employees in the work.Implementing methods for the improvement of a oeuvre should be the initial and archetypal of all decision of any beau monde. This is why companies wish CISCO, Harley Davidson and Merek be antithetic they invest in man precedent to a greater extent than any separate holding. They generalise the impressiveness of work and body of work systems alike. One must(prenominal) know that implementing a straightforward management strategy is simplified but what very counts is what the ma nagement does in difficult quantifys when on the stock doings is not good and in that respect atomic number 18 high judge of employee attrition and abseintism. . 1 Research Question ? Is On the Job Behaviour influenced by work traffic pattern? 1. 2 Subsidiary Questions ? ? Would a crack on the rent out mathematical process affect organizational productivity? why arrest no strong laws in work design been implemented in the past twenty years? ? depart occurrenceors like goal setting, performance feedback, role congruity, defined processes, workplace incentive, supervisor support etc influence On the job behavior of an employee? ? Have there been improvement trends in workplace design? 1. Aim of the study The aim is to analyze the effect of the Workplace attributes on the employees On the job behavior by performing a structured research in the regimen and drinking part of Taj Palace Delhi. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 8 Impact of Workplace Design 1. 4 Purpose of the s tudy Workplace and jobs nurse become a complex phenomenon in instantlys sequences. Employees right away aim a braggart(a) number of alternatives and selections at their inclination and therefrom workplace becomes a crucial factor for keeping or leaving the job.It is tyrannical that an Employees functional purlieu is well kept and arrested because ultimately the workplace surround is what defines on the job demeanour and employee indigence. How well an employee adapts to his psychological, psycho motive, desire and health factors at his workplace get out make up mavins mind his workplace demeanour, productivity and errors. Th tetchy this research the researcher aims to prove the similitude in the midst of workplace factors and on the job demeanour of the employee thereby cosmos able to prove that workplace design factors emphatically impacts on the job performance of an employee. . 5 Limitations and eye socket of the study Broad research in this field would bring about data gathering complications. The research only analyses the data lay in from a few employees in the feed and beverage division. The semi structured interviews impart to a fault not show the bigger picture as different people provoke different opinions about their own workplace, to some the workplace seems perfect to early(a)wises it may require a lot of change.Although the study covers only a small plane section in champion business friendly unit of the hospitality sector research on this subject in the approximative rising on a macro direct would provide managers with an all new level of understanding in employee motivation and workplace design. The research arouse be incr peace of mind to hotels resorts or even company policies. 1. 6 Dissertation Structure The 1st chapter, the Introduction fundamentally covers the topic of the research and a brief on its relevance to the application directly.The chapter summarizes the approach of the researcher and the hypothesis and other objectives. The chapter speaks of limitations and clutchesing of this dissertation in the stringent decade. It to a fault covers some of the questions that the researcher allow for analyze during the course of this project. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 9 Impact of Workplace Design The 2nd chapter, the publications analyze forms the basis of the dissertation. It carries a vivid explanation of each of the workplace attributes, their current scenario in the intentness, prior research and the researcher worthy critique.The literature review provides a structure to the dissertation and in any case garters to prepargon a structure for the data analysis and research methodology. The Literature review besides decides the domain for future research on the granted topic. The 3rd Chapter, the research methodology deals with the metre the researcher has taken to obtain the sought aft(prenominal) data to conclude his hypothesis. It as well as gives a comparative understanding of how the researcher has comfort the stupefys for analysis and what was the approach.The 4th Chapter, the data analysis contains the conducted interviews and the analysis of the data peaceful from the employees in the form of a structured questionnaire, the chapter has the analysis of the data which proves the researchers hypothesis and besides answers the subordinate word questions as give on the first chapter The 5th Chapter, conclusion and recommendation summarizes the dissertation and the results of the analysis. It has the critique of the researcher on the animate procedures and how they tush be changed in the near future to achieve outstanding results.The chapter withal provides a valuable insight into how future research advise be conducted for the same Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 10 Impact of Workplace Design Chapter 2 (Literature Review) When people go to work, they shouldnt have to leave their hearts at home. -Betty Bender 2. 1 Overv iew It has evermore been argued that distraction, deprivation of interest, poor decisions and high absence atomic number 18 the major(ip)(ip)(ip) causes of employee disengagement but what organizations genuinely forget ar that these factors might be just the symptoms the root cause may be very different (Slade, 2010).Recent scenarios excessively indicates that subtle productive changes in the workplace environs immediately genuinely reduce employee absenteeism and attrition, which in solve improves on the job performance thereby impacting productivity in a very positive way (Roeloefsen, 2002). immediately it has been proved that employee delight is directly proportional to job merriment, which is directly dependent on the functional surroundings. Workplace factors be a major catalyst in productivity and on the job performance of an employee.In fact, research has focused on ergonomics or biomechanics because of workers demands for more comfort at the workplace ( t umesces, 2000). theorisers call back that allone seeks a balance amongst what one puts into his work and what one behaves to get out of it. Most of the cadence one tends to correspond his own situations with that of other employees in the market place place, ahead he really decides to work with a especial(a) organization (Adams, 1963). In the recent past the nature of employee and employer relations has actually been distorted because of the changes in job structures and way of living. there atomic number 18 a number of companies in the market and therefore not only employees but employers also get hold of to focus on their conduct to make a mark in the business. higher(prenominal) salaries and purify perks may seem the most obvious way of increase an employees on the job performance but this is influenced by other important factors that take on work motivation, facts of life and work upment opportunities, physical, psychological and psychomotive factors (Leblebici, 2012). Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 11 Impact of Workplace DesignMaslows hierarchy of ask theory argued that the amount of anthropogenic attitudes to work was tardily and steady existenceness extended to workplace and work milieu as well for understanding human psychology and motivating factors. The study snarled synthesizing success stories of exemplary people like Einstein, Roosevelt, Douglas and Adams rather than studying the so called neurotic or mentally ill. The model involved looking at human psychology from scratch primary(a) call for like food, water, lifestyle, love etc. passing measuring stick higher, contends evolved to less underlying ones like security, employment, morality, family etc.At further higher levels, needs were more exclusive and included a need for creativity, be, selfesteem, motivation and culture. It was recognize that if all these factors were well taken lot of in a workplace milieu, they would hike up the on job performance of the individual , which would meditate on the team up thereby march oning productivity on a whole (Janet A Simons, n. d. ). McGregors theory on the lineed involved classifying workers as X or Y elements, where the X elements argon idle, poisonous and redundant and require motivation and cooking to bring them up to speed with work and business.Elements Y on the other hand, atomic number 18 self make workers flushed with creativity, who actually make up the strong pillars of the business and require less support as comp argond to the element X. McGregors theory differs from Maslows theory where he states that it is the worker who should be actuated. According to him, the workers should have a positive relation with the workplace to en original all psychological and self actualization needs atomic number 18 existence fulfilled for break-dance performance and productivity. Stuart, 2010) at long last differing from all other theorists Herzberg found out that factors that were ca use for concern were company policy, relation with the boss, operative conditions, salary and relationship with peers. On the other hand , the factors that kept them remindd were achievement, recognition, business as usual, responsibility , cash advance and growth, which again linked the theory of Herzberg to Mcgregor and Maslow (Anonymous, n. d. ) in that respectfore it may be put forward that a workplace is the result of various decisions, feelings and emotions functional together in a close and cohesive work surround.So to actually determine what is it that actually impacts on the job performance of an employee. The researcher impart look into biomechanics which has been a very recent breakthrough and through in research let out termed as ergonomics at workplace. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 12 Impact of Workplace Design 2. 2 biotech straightaway Ergonomics or innovation in workplace procedures has become the hip word in the coupled states of America as the workplace i s going through major changeovers during this peculiar(a) era.The Modern Office Procedure Council has even moved up to publish an article fashionably, entitled Ergonomics the outbreak of a newer discipline (Anonymous, n. d. ). The article though not very acclaimed has covered work-stations, work-surround, behaviors at work and many other minute issues that ar cosmopolitanly overlooked eon discussing on the job performance. The research brought together problems that had been collected and researched over a head of xxx years to prove that employers could actually boost employee on the job performance through workplace design.Thi research is mainly being focused on the employees reaction to workplace and workplace design. Working all day at a desk in an top exe clippingive takes its toll on the eyes, neck and man force play which are some fourth dimensions termed as Musculo penniless disorders or simply (MSDs) (Anonymous, 2010). Workplaces have straight off initiated Heal thy Work Practice Programs (HWPP), these programs provide a tight-laced checklist for spatial relation ergonomic design and also encourage develop strategies to implement the same (Anonymous, 2010).A study conducted in 2000 also states that in the workplace forthwith where technology has taken over a lot of the workplace space there should be supplementary breaks in between to reduce eye strain and over exertion of the eye muscles (Anonymous, 2007). Theorists have argued that the rate of production per labor per day has been increase daily to maintain a competitive advantage in the market place. Technologies are being upgraded, work lifestyle is changing and most importantly, pleasure time is being diminished. In such(prenominal)(prenominal) an environment, where humans are actually worthy synonymous to machines, the importance of rgonomics is rife. If the principles of Ergonomics are not employ to the work task and gibes, workers might go through undue stress and mental st rain, which in bend dexter decrease on the job performance and have a negative impact on productivity as a whole. Recognizing the ergonomic factors in a workplace is the first step to recognizing the threatens associate to workers on the job conditions. Engineers moot that removing physical stress from the running(a) environment could actually eliminate many upright work related injuries each year.Employers should learn to understand employee mindset and work design to make the workplace safer. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 13 Impact of Workplace Design Ergonomics stack servicing reduce many (MSDs) while operative in operations like hotels, as the work involves giving more than eight arc proceedings a day to operations. The process also helps increase the productivity as it provides safer on the job(p) conditions that motivates the workers to work give away in an environment. Ergonomics would also help decrease the absenteeism rates due to less MSDs and more energy among the work force.A workplace net substantially reduce turnovers if new recruits shape their workplace prudishly designed to lawsuit their mindset. Reduced expenses, resulting from a decrease in the rate of (MSDs) would require less greet for covering illness and reduced organization and personal medical monetary value (OSHA, 2000) OSHA also agues that Reducing Ergonomic Hazards at a workplace is belike the easiest of operations to perform. If one is an employer and his employees keep goingly complain of ergonomic hazards, all he has to do is incorporate an ergonomics program in the foundation of his organization.The program should motivate employees to participate and should provide scope for valuable feedback to supervisors. The program should be chequered on a regular basis by the executive in charge to ensure foil and productivity. The program at the end of the day should be no-hit and should be a comely training and training task for employees as well as employers (OSH A, 2000) Though from personal work experience it is strongly look atd, Employees in the cordial reception ndustry have an inner feeling that it is the organizations outlook to provide them with safe, healthy and equilibrize running(a) conditions. Over a period of the past ii years the researcher has completed successful working moment inside the premises of three Hospitality try outments and has nowhere experience a beseeming Ergonomic design program in place. apart(predicate) from workplace design 58% of the employees strongly agree that the motivation factor is a major discipline if one wishes to footstep the relation between job performance and workplace.Each and either employee feels that to sustain and work jubilantly in a working environment there are only two things of paramount importance, the first being workplace design which has been explained above by the researcher in great point in time and the other is Motivation factor. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 14 I mpact of Workplace Design 2. 3 Workplace motivation Motivation recently has been a lament area of research among industrialists and psychologists as it impacts on the job performance of an Individual. It is being taken as a very life-threatening process in a workplace.The opening of motivation for any force out in any field of work is very simple, he deserves to be treated evenhandedly and with respect. On the job doings is a pure reflection of how one is treated within the organization. The plunk for step to why motivation is an important fact is because motivation current of airs to a change in doings, which in turn decides changes in the productive aspect of the employee at workplace. lento but steadily managers in many concerns have started taking the concept of motivation seriously.The assessment of satisfaction in the workplace has been a very common occurrence in the recent times and has been used as a tool to pass judgment employee well being and satisfaction in a particular segment (Spector, 1997). ecumenic Research has shown that out of twenty candidates, sevener prefer to go to work happily i. e. They are the category X employees check to the X and Y theory. Ten employees have a feeling that they wish to bear neutral some age can be happy and well other could be boring. The remaining three who are the Y candidates feel that their orkplace requires drastic improvements. at that place was a similar answer from all the candidates when they were questioned about appreciation, belonging, scope of improvement, salary, supervisor support goal setting and feedback. Therefore as gathered from work experience at a diverse number of workplaces, the general feeling is that workplace motivation is a very important aspect. If the behaviour of the supervisor or the senior does not motivate the employees at work and then the employee tends to comminate their work leading to increased abseintism and attrition.The researcher feels that out of a te n hour work shift an employer must at least spend 30 minutes with his employees to evaluate what they have make and what they should do in the near future to establish success in their working methods. An employer should be able to successfully develop a sensation of confidence and optimism in his employees. The employer should also once in a while allow the employees to volunteer for tasks that are beyond their abilities so that even the failure can help generate self erudition through a method of retreat training.Apart from this the researcher also feels that an employer must successfully be able to map his employees goals and aspirations to help them achieve the same through directed learning and development opportunities. Apart from all this the general feeling is that beyond motivation a good supervisor at the workplace is also an important factor for retaining and satisfying employees. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 15 Impact of Workplace Design 2. 4 Supervisory halt Today Supervisors are a very important factor in the workplace.They are epitomes of knowledge and mediums of effective feedback for employees who are working under them (Durham CC, 1997). The level of supervisory support is directly proportional to the teams introduced in workplace straight off. A supervisor today should be able to comprehend the mood of the individual and the team and work accordingly. With increasing number of team members under a supervisor the need for traditional support reduces. Today a supervisor is expected to be possessed of the qualities for performing diverse roles as with changing scenarios the rolls of different teams.With the drastic changes in the environment it is necessary that the supervisor is chosen out front the contingent team is lively and his behaviour and attitude towards his work must be assessed forwards-hand so as to give a complete sense of satisfaction to all employees as theorized by (Tannenbaum SI & JA, 1996). A supervisors major focus should be on the job enhancement practices for his subordinates, feedback and training. This will help bring about a change in the employees behaviour, motivating him to redesign the workplace.A supervisor must allow an employee to learn from mistakes rather than spoonful feeding and directing each and every time as there is a line of research that states that autonomy without un accreditedty is the best form of learning (Parker Sk, 1998). sometimes theorists do plead that leadership and oversight have a lesser impact on satisfaction but that does not mean it has no impact at all. Supervisory support has smallly been acknowledge as an domineering process for dogging development of new teams on the aspects of satisfaction. BM, 1997) The effect of supervisory support on employee satisfaction is an attribute which has scarcely been researched over time. What really matters is the ability of the supervisor to stay within a team and work as an equal and at the same time being ab le to stand out from the rest in some unmatched way or the other such that, he is successfully able to motivate and supervise the employees he has to lead. No supervisory support is complete without a super workplace design. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 16 Impact of Workplace Design . 5 Designing the new workplace Today on the job behaviour is becoming an important aspect of workplace productivity, architects and interior designers have been working hard to provide employees with the most exquisitely pattern workplaces possible. But the time has come to look beyond architectural innovation because (Jusko, May,2000) says that a study conducted in home design and workplace survey in some of the best billets in the US states that most of the managers gave working conditions a grade c.Hence, it was proved that there are some things beyond architectural design that prompted workers to do well, which were none other than wellness and refreshment design Healthcare expenditure is come up high, there is a definite need for reducing hospital and sickness costs in each and every organization. The United States of America and the European nations have follow structured wellness programs in their office design (Kutler, 2010). Research widely shows that ginmill of injury and disease decrease working cost by $3. 47 per employee per day.This average return on investment clearly highlights the fact that incorporation of wellness programs within an organization would help profits greatly and would positively influence on the job performance with reduced health concerns, injury and cost of treatment Theorists believe a key factor of human resource is to promote employee satisfaction thereby promoting customer satisfaction. Referring to Maslows triangle , it can be easily seen that a sense of belonging, friends, culture, team work, co-worker support and supervisor support, games and recreation make an important part of an employees self-actualization needs.Workplace rec reation and design is very transparent in organizations that bring together people and processes and its introduction into the hospitality sector is a highly necessary evil. The question to shine over is why again is a recreational design postulate at a workplace? The answers though are pretty simple. Today diversionary attackal activities provide a form of intrinsic reward, a sense of self satisfaction from within, which boosts employee motivation. pertainion in recreational activities and retreats, help put a balance between work and life.Recreational activities that require participation of faculty teams provides scope for individual behaviour and attitude feedback. Recreation in a way helps an employee connect his aspiration to his organization and last but not the least, recreation provides the best meeting place for self development (Mokaya, february,2012) Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 17 Impact of Workplace Design So, when it comes to linking recreation and health with on the job performance it has been well seen that both(prenominal) help in strengthening the societal bond between customer and employee.They help in developments of skills like leadership, team work and communication, which are invaluable assets for the service persistence. The activities also provide a good social forum for discussion and understanding of topics like goals, vision and mission of the organization and future endeavors it also provides scope for innovation and mindset storming at work, coupled with increased association and cohesiveness among the staff.Other than wellness and recreation Work stress is also a major cause of not liking ones workplace so to provide a better relationship among staff and employers it is necessary also to act upon the concept of workplace tractableness. 2. 6 Flexibility at workplace Today tractableness means defining how and when a work is through and how does one forge his career in such a critical way that there is change workp lace effectiveness. Companies use workplace flexibility as a major tool for managing, customizing, recruiting, retaining and strategizing workforce load as said by (E. Friedman, 2002).There have been several studies in this field that have successfully been able to prove that flexibility has a major role in reducing stress, increasing effectiveness and improving performance. Flexibility at workplace can be of many types depending on what the work demands and how the superior wants to increase the amount of work done by a particular employee. Today conventional flextime at a workplace allows employees to fill their own times of coming and leaving the office such that their times will be surrounding the time of karyon operating hours and the work meted out to them should be done.Employees are given a true amount of time in a week to complete their work for e. g. the employee is to work ten hours a day for four days a week or has to complete eighty hours of work over a period o f nine days and so on and so forth (E. Friedman, 2002). Many companies also do bye a concept better cognize as summer hours, i. e. , increasing an hour per day and completing the time dole out before the designated day, to apply for an extra off. Theorists believe that Flexibility is many times wrong termed as an employee perk whereas it is only a tool to successfully manage employee on the job behaviour/performance.Its importance is such that it can be used over a range of managerial jobs and at different levels of the hierarchy. Most importantly it is a precise tool and should only be applied only Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 18 Impact of Workplace Design where the management feels apt to do so, everyone cannot ask for flexibility and not all jobs can be given flexibility. There are instances wherein on a permanent job an employee can be provided flexibility for a temporary period to boost his morale so as to help him change his outlook towards his work (E.Friedman, 2002). It is compulsory that a company realizes the problem it wants to deal with, using the tool of flexibility. It is wise endlessly to look into flexibility issues of comparable companies before such a step is taken to boost employee esteem. The company should conduct ingrained studies and should actually be completely sure about the attitudes of the personnel for whom they are allowing flexibility as the companys entire working roll will be centered on flexibility.Going by what theorists say, head with flexibility is also not an diffuse factor so it is of all time better if the supervisors of a company are better trained to monitor staff that are flexible and are trained to cast output from a flex oriented workforce and last but not the least, a company should make its staff well aware of the continuing improvements and should regularly appreciate staff who have done well on a flexi schedule through accolades and newsletters.Though flexibility is not a very common answer to problems in the Hospitality sector as it is a very human oriented industry, what can actually become the solution is concentrating on improving the health of an employee. 2. 7 Health Factors and rise upness Program modify on the job behaviour Today a workplace is viewed from the health perspective, research so outlying(prenominal) has looked into workers health in two aspects, the former being do organizations today promote wellness and health programs for workers?And the latter(prenominal) being Are healthy workplaces also the ones which are more productive? The first question generally covers human resource, employee motivation, hazard thaw environment, wellness programs, supervisor support, training and development. The latter question though here is significantly more important for this particular research as it is looking into improvements in on the job performance of a worker in the organization. Looking at a very three dimensional view of the situation, the answer to the latter appears to be more qualified and complex.Organizations are slowly incorporating workplace wellness programs in their work schedule but actually translating the measure of wealth to on the job productivity is a very difficult task that is required to be accomplished. The research on this front appears to be very washy because in the service industry where work is supposed to be inconspicuous, the industry has shown graphs of deteriorating worker Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 19 Impact of Workplace Design health and wellness because of the amount of hard work required and less time available for ones own self.One must come in the gaps in the health environment of a workplace and should aim to understand the synergistic cause of certain health promotion exercises by combining psychology with job behaviour to research factors like motivation, productivity , sickness ,absenteeism , leave and other psycho social outcomes that can be measured through wellness studies conducted on the job . Organizations must invest in a healthier working environment and employee care as it will no doubt increase productivity and will be a smart investment in terms of future returns.It is highly imperative that employees coordinate with employers for such programs and understand the effects of team related, work related and family related healthcare. But then again by incorporating better technology also, one can reduce the stress on the piece workforce of the industry. 2. 8 The impact of technology on, on the job behaviour engineering has not only changed the workplace today but has also become the life line of success of any company. The world has changed after the advent of fax, internet, Wi-Fi, e mail and holograms. technology is upgrading itself each minute and will push upgrading itself at a fast rate.Imagining work without access to technology is unimaginable. Technology has not only changed the lives of the physically able but has also given equal power to the disabled to compete and even be more productive than normal. With the advent of technology, more and more physically challenged people are entering the business today that probably earlier, just had one or two options. Before technology the differently abled could only earn from supplement programs of the government or could attend training and retraining in schools for the challenged, but their life was neither challenging nor productive.The knowledge of serveing devices how they work and how easily they can be serviced, has empowered the physically challenged to reach newer heights, today even they can be workers, coworkers, self-earning individuals and most importantly with technology boosting their self-esteem, they have become successful and productive employees of today. Theorist believe Whether disabled or not , technology will continue to assist individuals in a job where precision and time management are required, and before joining a job the employer Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 20 Impact of Workplace Design s much riddled with questions about what technology will the employee be using and can the technology be remodeled as per his convenience of use (Cohn, 2000). Therefore it is imperative that technology keeps changing so that work becomes easier as ease of work is another incentive/tool to improve on the job performance and quality of service. Before we close the topic of technology, we must not forget that a very simple technology that has been close to for the past few years is the one on which the foundation of every successful business industry is based is the e-mail, which is viable proof that technology is a intense need.Though technology is indispensable, policy makers in every country should take an important gait to maintain on the job wellness and a healthy workplace environment. A healthy environment is the first initiation of better and greater future returns and for that technology must go hand in hand with the Environmental concerns of To day. 2. 9 Environmental concerns regarding Workplace design Environment issues at workplace should be a ontogeny concern for any company today after the green laws and threat to the ozone layer.Apart from all this it also affects employee performance and on the job behaviour. Who would like to work in an office with bad ventilation and the smell of asbestos nearly? An infected work environment is a health issue it not only decreases productivity but also has a direct impact on employee health causing diseases like asthma, claustrophobia and lung infections. This in turn again increases employee absenteeism and health costs of the company. The Employers should take necessary steps to ensure a healthy work environment.The organization should maintain and keep to the guidelines provided by OSHA and EPA to maintain cost effective ways of managing work environment and reduce absenteeism and attrition to influence on the job behaviour and employee productivity. Theorists argue that empl oyees should also understand greater concerns related to the environment when they are working in a service industry where 75 to 80 percent of the devour generated is biodegradable and can be managed simply by doing CSR initiatives and nonprofit organization work.Restaurants generate around seventy to eighty kilos of edible waste per day. If a company plans successfully, the food waste can safely be disposed off to nongovernmental organizations for the poor as a CSR initiative which would give employees a sense of belonging and goodwill and Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 21 Impact of Workplace Design would motivate them to innovate on better and unique methods of waste disposal for the greater good and environmental concern.The source for bringing in environmental concerns while studying employee productivity is the simple fact that waste should be eliminated in the surroundings where it is generated then only is it said that the company follows a policy of successful waste managem ent. Therefore, every company should have a method of connecting with the experts for complete understanding of environmental concerns relating to a guest service industry. puritanical training and development sessions on how to manage cleanliness and environment around and in the workplace should be well followed by employers.The employees should be trained in the art of environment management by their given organization. aft(prenominal) discussing every aspect of workplace design one must not forget that an Employees reason for discord may also be underperformance which also sadly makes up a large part of the workplace design. 2. 10 Managing underperformance Workplace is pronounced by unsatisfactory work performance or the failure to comprehend and act on the tasks which are to be done by the individual in the perplex of power he holds.The reasons clearly stand to be a high degree of non compliance with workplace policies and/or rules, unacceptable behaviour from peers at workp lace and disruptive or attitude clashes with bosses or superiors. Apart from this the reasons that are more importantly missed while carrying out a feedback are an employees problem in understanding what is expected, his incapableness to perform in the given position due to a mismatch between job profile and skill set, lack of regular counseling thereby paralyzing the employee technically, family issues, do drugs abuse and work culture.It has been frequently argued that dealings with underperformance has always been challenging for employee and employer alike. Managers with formal training require the 5Cs to deal with underperformance which relatively are character, commitment, conviction, courtesy and courage (Khera, 1998). It is crucial to unthaw underperformance problems in the location where they arise. Not needs does every underperformance issue require a structured approach but the mind must always be free to explore additional options.Employers must think up in all cont exts that underperformance affects a work environment adversely. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 22 Impact of Workplace Design There exists certain incapability among managers to identify the source of underperformance and then assess it successfully. neer has one seen all companies perform at the same level and if they would have, the existence of competition would not have been a paramount feature hence it is important to understand who controls the situation and who manages the workforce. 2. 1 The people involved After discussing all the attributes involved in a workplace design that lead to positive on the job performance, one must not forget the major question of who should be involved in the major processes. An article published by (Frenburg, 1985) stated that flexibility, health, environment, recreation and motivation force on the job performance as it involved a sense of well being and belonging in an employee. The researcher also found that whatever gaps were left in progres sive work design was the lack of consultation between employee, employer and workplace designer.It is undoubtedly very clear that a workplace benefits more from staffs who are make and trained and understand who the boss is. strong performance management individuals can create better employees and better effectiveness at workplace. Non compliance with workplace issues, negligent behaviour and hostility in the workplace environment leads to leadership, teamwork and managing the workplace issues. It is rare that an employee knows what is expected from him. Many a times it has been seen that for all the processes mentioned above, there are as such no ground rules laid down by the department to help employees with the same.Unless employees are make to understand that they are underperforming, it is very difficult for them to actually understand that they are underperforming (government, n. d. ). It is essentially required that the head HR managers and executives , decent look into th e tasks mentioned above so that proper coordination is maintained and all the processes followed very virtually and carefully Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 23 Impact of Workplace Design Chapter 3 (Research Methodology) 3. Approach The researcher has adopt a mix of quantitative as well as qualitative approaches to carry out this particular study. The Qualitative analysis involves the primary research which draws inferences from the working environment and its effect on the employees in the food and beverage department of the Taj Palace Delhi. The secondhand research of this analysis involved conducting literature reviews through thorough study of journals, books and websites to get a global understanding of employee and employee workplace to substantiate the primary research.The quantitative approach involved conducting a survey of thirty employees in the food and beverage department of the hotel, the questionnaires were distributed to equal number of men and women and were disjoin ted over a span of different age groups to understand how employees today feel about their workplace and what is the change they would like to see in that particular department or their working conditions in the near future.After which the researcher conducted semi structured interviews of certain industry personnel who have given fitted amount of years to the industry and who can successfully compare and contrast the difference between workplace scenarios then and what change they have undergone now. 3. 2 The Research Question/Hypothesis Do workplace attributes affect on the job behaviour of an employee? 3. 3 Research design The primary design of the research is an empirical deductive research. The questionnaire data has been collected from thirty employees belonging to different societies and spread over different ages and genders.The qualitative data involves deducing data from semi structured interviews of hospitality industry professionals with sufficient experience of the top ic. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 24 Impact of Workplace Design Chapter 4 (Results and Discussion) 4. 1 Interview 4. 1. 1 Mr. Avijit Sen, General Manager, Vesta Hotels Jaipur How critical is the physical work environment to office space conniving today compared to when you began your work in the industry? Things were indeed very different when I began in the hospitality sector. The industry was still going through a figure of metamorphosis and things were very new.Then, every HM student was considered to be a host and a culinary guy a bawarchi. There was no defined workplace design as such, people were un flexable followers of the phrase work is piety and no matter whatever be the condition work is our livelihood so good or bad gentle or not so engaging it did not matter. But yes things are very different now. flock are being judged on their overall efficiency more and more jobs are being replaced by technology and a small number of highly qualified individuals are required in a business unit. Workplace or the so called physical environment of the employee has become an epicenter of change.Innovation and efficiency are todays mantra and are the keys to employee motivation. Everyone wishes to have an environment with his own physical space. There has been more stress on scientific design lately to suite the body and physical needs of employees and with labor becoming more and more costly, one has to design to retain. When did you first begin to realize that the work environment or the workplace itself has started modify your on the job behaviour? Well to be very honest, it was not very tough to realize that. When you are at the level of assistant managers you are new-fashioned in the industry and the world seems to be a gift of Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 25 Impact of Workplace Design unlimited possibilities. At that time when you are in the period of frequent transfers and property changes you seem to notice designs and patterns I am from a food and bev erage background for me at least I knew that the design of the bar or the restaurant definitely mattered. Better ambience better origination would not only enchant customer but also employee alike. The major difference always will be that some places the organization would have designed well at other places it would have not shown much interest so the working attitude really differs from place to place.I preferably found the Private hotels and their designs better and hence changed over from ITDC. Why do you feel that the industry is taking so long to incorporate workplace innovations even after realizing that it has a significant impact on the on the job behaviour? Unlike all other product oriented businesses which have been there from time immemorial the hospitality industry is relatively knew and mapping all aspects of its production is very difficult.Plus recent insights show that the hospitality industry is still in need of a lot of qualified professionals Workplace design th ough essential is a very hi-fi concept, the education system in India is definitely not equipped to generate out of the box thinking individuals and that is why there are very few. It is not that the workplace engineering concept has not been introduced, the fact still is that hospitality professionals are still not mentally prepared to embrace the realities of the concept. If you wanted to create the deification workplace environment, what would you envision it to be if you were an employee?Honestly, if I were to view workplace as an employee, India is far from achieving the vision I have seen. Improvements are not only required in staff line motivation but also infrastructure Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 26 Impact of Workplace Design Life in hospitality is fast paced, the job is demanding and work hours are eerie. In a scenario like this, employees are forced to come and change in a changing live cramp with lockers that would not even hold two pair of suits. The washrooms of the back area are cramped and employees literally have to bend to accommodate.The bunk beds placed for employees on iniquity parole too are rough and uncomfortable When I began as an hotelier we had a few prestigious properties of hospitality scattered in the regions of Delhi Madras and Bangalore and sadly when today hospitality is growing its staff sector is still underdeveloped. The resources are not proper and the facilities are scarce. What do you feel have been the most insistent complains regarding workplace issues in the industry? Being a manger you face those complains in abundance, you can never categorize these complains as important or non important.Many of them are linked to issues I have already discussed with you in previous questions. I often get complains like the environment smell rancid, the cleaning in the back areas are, not proper. Technological failure, softwares not working. Then you will also not be surprised to realise complains like space in washroom is n ot sufficient or the staff rooms are too claustrophobic. Lack of basic amenities and training programs and less motivational factors related to work. Office innovation or workplace change is actually the development of technological social and personnel aspects, what are your comments on this statement?It is definitely that but a lot more is what I would like to say as I have mentioned every aspect in my answers above. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 27 Impact of Workplace Design 4. 1. 2 Mr. Akesh Bhatnagar, General Manager, Golkonda Hotel, Hyderabad How critical is the physical work environment to office space designing today compared to when you began your work in the industry? Interesting Question, you see physical work environment or office design now is like the rotation of the earth, there is day and there is night. Some changes occurred for the best and well others were not that successful.Office design was critical then and is critical now the only difference today is that peopl e are more aware of what is expected of them. In the 1980s when I was still in my twenties I remember the laws of transparency at work and overtime were not strict. People could get away with anything and everything and aboveboard we did not bother much we did what our elders had done, we were told work was for a living and it had to be done come what may. Today though things have taken a drastic turn with people today aping the west and with more flexibility in laws and awareness employees tend to choose their own workplace.If it is good and up to their level of comfort they will do the job and if not its not their cup of tea, so today office space design has actually become a mirage of what the employee wants to see. It is his job and his way. When did you first begin to realize that the work environment or the workplace itself has started affecting your on the job behaviour? Well it is actually hard to recall but if you ask me personally, I would say I realized it when I was tra ining with ITDC on a banquet operation. I remember I had a very grumpy supervisor who would snap at us every time we moved a grump from here to there.It was actually intimidating the way he would actually direct us in each and everything how to walk, how to talk and how to serve, what to say and what not to say. One must understand that people do not like that. They prefer an environment that gives the ease of working not overstress them From there on I started judging my workplace by how my peers were, how my colleagues were, how well kept my workplace was and most importantly whether I can expect to get back what I put in. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 28 Impact of Workplace DesignWhy do you feel that the industry is taking so long to incorporate workplace innovations even after realizing that it has a significant impact on the on the job behaviour? Well Varun, I do not know if you realize this or not but hoteliering is not the most occurrent profession in the world today. You wil l actually be surprised to know how many people keep this as a second option, honestly hoteliering was my second option too it was much later when I came face to face with my work that I realized it is not that bad after all. If you see figures the industry is actually in need of more than twenty thousand educated professionals but alasPeople with brains either become engineers or doctors or join other professions with other noble roots. There is a deficit of skilled personnel in this industry and people knock on the doors of this profession when they have realized that they do not stand a chance elsewhere. People like you that is if hotels was your first option are really hard to come by so you know bringing in an innovation which few seem to understand feels like a waste of time so the process of workplace change though slow seems even more redundant because of the lack of skilled people for its execution.If you wanted to create the ideal workplace environment, what would you en vision it to be if you were an employee? Well if I were to envision my work place I would see myself sitting on a chair that floats above the ground and be able to move in an out through walls unnoticed eat calm work and enjoy when I want. Jokes apart, I am just trying to say that there can never be one vision. The vision of workplace for every person changes with the change in his longevity and his mindset.When I was at the Front office manager I wanted a bigger desk today when I am a General Manager I want a bigger and much more technologically improved office What one envisions to see will always be steps away from reality, so if you wish to sum up what each and every one of us in this industry wants it would just be heaven. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 29 Impact of Workplace Design What do you feel have been the most repetitive complains regarding workplace issues in the industry? Well when you talk of complains in this industry they are more like tantrums of josh.It is like when the kid wants something he wants it without even realizing whether or not the company would actually be able to provide him with the same. I get complains like the staff washroom is to small or we need better lockers or the work hours are killing or sir, I did not get my designated of and last but not the least my supervisor and colleagues do not respect me. This world is a battleground of conflicts, people strive to achieve better and better. To people there will always be a scope for change so workplace design or change is like polishing a diamond with each intricate cut it shines better and its value doubles.Maybe many of the complains do not have a solution but many also do but the irony is if you solve one they come up with upgraded versions of previous complains so you have got to keep improving yourself so that you can face the challenges of the future. Office innovation or workplace change is actually the development of technological social and personnel aspects, wha t are your comments on this statement? Definitely, very truly spoken because work and its outcomes depend mainly on personal social and technological aspects, enhancing all of the above would definitely enhance productivity. . 2 Structured Questionnaire abstract A structured questionnaire was provided to thirty staff members selected randomly from the food and beverage department of Taj Palace Hotel, Delhi. The questionnaire involved ranking workplace as an important attribute affecting job satisfaction and on-job performance on a scale of one to five, with one being the lowest and five being the highest. After the data was collected, it was analyzed for the importance placed to different attributes with regards to the employees job satisfaction and on-job performance.An average of the Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 30 Impact of Workplace Design data submitted by all participants of the study was calculated and a bar graph was generated as follows. Attributes of Job Satisfaction 5 4. 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 Attributes 2. 6 2. 6 3. 7 4. 4 4. 1 3. 9 3. 6 3. 6 3. 7 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 4 4. 5 3. 8 4 4. 5 0 ascertain 1 The analysis of this questionnaire presented to employees of different ages and working at different levels in the Food and Beverage Department of The Taj Palace Delhi yielded very interesting results.Looking at the bar graph from the average of all attributes of work and workplace design , it is naturally seen that Learning Opportunity, Promotion, Motivation and Workplace Architecture play a major role in employee satisfaction, which in turn is known to be directly proportional to the on the job behaviour of the employee. Many employees have also marked Wellness Programs and Job Security as important reasons for retaining a job. The analysis also included ideas collected from, The Restaurant Manager, supervisors, the stewards and also management trainees working in the department.The questionnaire by design was circulated to an equal number of male and womanish employees in the study. Varun Sahgal (H-18095) Page 31 Impact of Workplace Design Next, the researcher separate the study findings by gender to see if any deviations occurred in the result. It was realized that different workplace attributes motivated male and female employees differently. Given below is a take out chart of the attributes that the male employees considered essential for job satisfaction. 5 Job Satisfaction Attributes for manly 4. 7 Employees 4. 1 3. 4 3. 8 3. 7 3. 4 2. 8 2. 5 4. 1 4 4 4. 2 4. 2 4. 2 4. 1 4 4. 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 Attributes(M) 1 0. 5 0 Figure 2 It was clearly noticed that for male employees working in the Food and Beverage department of The Taj Palace Hotel, Delhi that what motivates them the most is the physical attribute of workplace, which includes working desk and back area design. Workplace architecture is closely followed by job security, training and development, motivation while attr