Why women are more prone to knee injuries than men Essay

Why women are more prone to knee injuries than men - Essay Example Knee injury or disease, therefore, can be badly crippling .(Thibodeau 223). A women's work is never done! So goes the age-old saying. Although in today's world there are many labor-saving devices, the modern woman often carries responsibilities involving long hours of duty. Women employed in industry or with major home-care responsibilities can be involved in a variety of tasks requiring strong mental, physical, emotional and social abilities. For many, additional burdens exist. Te career woman with a family, the pregnant woman with several children, the woman caring for a disabled child or an ageing parent and the wife and mother confined to a wheelchair are all faced with the challenges of coping with prolonged demands on both their energy and time. Some traditionally female jobs in the workforce are also susceptible to special stresses (Sapsford 268). The knee joint is the major weight-bearing joint of the body. Any condition, which interferes with the smooth articulation of the joint, leads to instability and rapid wasting of the quadriceps muscle (Anne 548). Cancellous bone loss begins between the ages of 30 and 35 with yearly decrease in women of 0.6 % to 0.8 % (Linear decrease) or 2.4 % (curvilinear decrease). Age-related cancellous loses in women appear to begin up to a decade earlier than cortical bone loss. Women may lose 50% of cancellous and 30 % of cortical bone over their life times, whereas men may lose only 30 % and 20 % respectively. In addition, women may have an increased risk for osteoporosis because throughout life they have 30 % less bone mass than men of a similar age (Kimble 48.28). Throughout its life bone can respond to external forces (or loads) such as the pull of tendon on bone and weight bearing. These forces can help to maintain bone mass or increase it in some circumstances. As a living tissue, bone material is constantly being turned over in a process called bone remodeling. In this process old bone is resorbed and new bone is formed. Many internal factors dictate the effectiveness of the remodeling process. These can include ageing, hormonal influences, metabolic variations and certain disease processes. Bone is most sensitive to mechanical loading during childhood (Sapsford 134). An increase in osteoblastic activity and thus in bone mass can result from the external forces (or loads) mentioned. Without these forces osteoclast activity (bone resorption) predominates and bone mass decreases (Norkin and Levangie, 1992). If the breakdown or resorption of bone (osteoclastic activity) then decreased bone density or osteopenia will occur. If this process con tinues unchecked it can lead to osteoporosis. Osteoporotic bone is more likely to fracture than bone of normal density (Sapsford 412). Osteoporosis in a major health problem that affects over 9.4 million people on the United States and is especially prevalent among postmenopausal women. The incidence osteoporosis increases with age; 30 percentage of women between the ages of 70 and 79 and 70 percentage of women 80 years of age or older develop osteoporosis without medical intervention (Kimble 48.30). There is much grater risk of women developing osteoporosis than men. Suggested reasons for this include the fact that after menopause women have period of rapid bone loss as a result of a sharp fall in oestrogen levels as overian function ceases. Up to 15 % of bone can be

The Importance of Wearing School Uniform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Importance of Wearing School Uniform - Essay Example However there are other reasons to fathom in due context as well. The basic premise of having school uniforms in the first place is that they bring to light the issue of equality within the mass cross section of students and there is no discrimination of rich and the poor amongst them. It makes sure that the students learn to live with each other without any differing constraints so that they can turn into good human beings when they grow up. Furthermore, the notion is emphasized by the fact that a certain discipline is maintained when these students wear the same clothes day in day out, so as to bring to light the issue of oneness and unity. This speaks volumes of the lessons that are imparted by the schools, not only in the present day but also of the yesteryears. Discipline issue is thus one of the significant aspects when we discuss the exact rationale for having school uniforms. A number of different researches and surveys that have been held as to find out whether these school uniforms are liked by the students or otherwise show that these students have a 33% likeliness ratio whereas the remaining 67% do not quite approve of the idea in its essence. They believe that the school dictated clothing is not an â€Å"in† thing and it does not mesh with their idea of wearing funky and colorful clothes, more so which portray the real selves of theirs. A number of these respondents raised the view that their sense of freedom seems to be lost when they wear the school uniforms and they are thus confined to the four walls of the school or alma mater for that matter. They just want to break free from the clutches of school and aspire to live in a world which is not dictated by the teachers, lecturers and headmasters. School going children want to have a free life which is not governed by anyone. One of the views that is put down by the school authorities in the light of the whole discussion is that the school uniforms emphasize

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example Internationalization and globalization have made markets competitive and the airline sector in particular, has had to revise its marketing mix to suit the current trends and customer needs. An evaluation of the existing 7Ps of the marketing mix of British Airways (BA) would help develop an integrated one-year marketing strategy. Product: the product in the airline sector is more than just the sectors the airline flies to. It also has to take into account the airports it operates from, the type of seats on offer, the on-board facilities including food and entertainment. In addition, aligning with customer needs is important. BA flies customers at convenient times to the best located airports across the world. They have the best global connectivity and they have a strong presence in the top tier global cities. The target customers of BA include both corporate and the leisure segment. However, with a focus on the business travelers, they want to promote their new sleeper service (Bahnon d, 2004). Nevertheless, they are targeting several segments simultaneously – they are also rethinking the leisure segment Pricing: Pricing also has to take into account consumer psychology, the sectors, the season (as demand in certain sectors are seasonal). However, BA does not believe in cutting costs at the expense of quality (Prokesch, 2000). Even in a cutthroat, mass market there are many would be willing to pay premium price for the services. BA commands premium price as they fill customers’ value driven needs. Place: Place in the airline sector refers to the location from where the passengers can access bookings and avail of the services. BA has done away with intermediaries like the travel agents and the purpose is not merely cost reduction. It enables the airline to collect personal passenger details. Most of their business comes through the internet and very little is derived through telephones or call centres. Through the internet they are pushing services s uch as online check-in, fast bag check, and pre-flight selection (New Media Age, 2004). Through this they target the regular BA travelers and those receptive to new technologies. They have dedicated travel sites for this and the purpose is to communicate the convenience of the web services. This focuses on people who book through the net. Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, direct selling and public relations. Again, this could vary depending upon the season, the sector and competition. BA’s public relations strategy is supported by values and goals. They try to ‘understand customers better than competitors’ which is in line with the communications theory that it is essential to understand the customer and not enough to just listen to the customer (Olorunniwo, Hsu & Udo). To lure the holiday makers they have appointed specialized marketing agency. People: This, in the airline sector would also include the staff that delivers the service. The cu stomer facing staff at BA is passionate about delivering outstanding customer service. To promote organizational values among people they have a â€Å"Owning Our Future† program which every employee throughout the organization has to undergo at some point (Summerfield, 2005). People should understand the business direction, the business environment which would help them understand how the business can be taken forward. Process: This refers to the automation

Relationship between health & lifestyle and Health & safety Essay

Relationship between health & lifestyle and Health & safety - Essay Example The other relationship is on food. Food can play a significant role in the individual enjoyment of robust health. At the same time, food can be a key factor in influencing ill health. One of the important roles of food is the provision of proper nutrients required by the body (Cooper, Hodges-Mameltzis and Thorpe 4). However, malnutrition may occur due to both under or over-consumption of food. Lack of access to basic nutrients may lead to ill health and poor well-being of the individual. The lack of proper nutrients in parts of the world has led to an increased epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases (Cooper et al 4). A proper nutrition helps in prevention of some of the major diseases in the body. Nutrition has also been shown to relate to diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac diseases, and cancer (Ministry of Health 1). Certain lifestyles such as smoking and alcohol taking have a profound impact on health. Excessive indulgence in cigarettes and alcohol may lead to addiction (NHS 1). Addiction is challenging as it affects individual health. Moreover, indulgence in alcohol makes one uncontrollable and most likely to engage in unprotected sex (NHS 1). Therefore, such individuals are at risk of getting sexually transmitted diseases (NHS 1). Such individuals are also likely to get the unwanted pregnancy. Additionally, regular drinking may lead to liver diseases, heart attack and weight gain (NHS 1). Weight gain, on the other hand, may lead to obesity-related to diseases such as diabetes.

The t Statistic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The t Statistic - Essay Example The null hypothesis is based on the claim of the sales manager that the annual average sale of the company/ purchases done by the customers is greater than $14,000. The null and alternate hypotheses would be as follows, The t-test conducted with the above mentioned descriptive statistics reveals that t(ÃŽ ±/2,19) = 0.38 is less than the critical value of t = -2.093, therefore the null hypothesis is not rejected and the sales manager’s claim is considered as true. The data shown in Table 2.0 is taken from the case study named HH Industries (Levin et al., 2009, p.49). The data comprises of total number of orders per day for the first and last quarters. The null hypothesis is based on the claim of the sales manager that the sales figures are steady throughout from first quarter to last. The data selected is from the first and last quarters. The null hypothesis in this case would be that the average total number of orders per day for the first and last quarters is equal. The null and alternate hypotheses would be as follows, The t-test was conducted on two samples of number of orders from first and last quarters. Observing the t-value = - 6.9, it is concluded that the H0 is rejected. The  µ1 ≠   µ2. There is a significant difference between the average number of orders booked per day for first and last

Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme Court - Essay Example In this case the opinions are called concurring. Divided decisions are more common. If from one to four Justices dissent on the majority decision, the Chief Justice will assign a majority opinion that speaks for the consensus of the Court. In addition, a minority opinion will be assigned to one of the Justices who voted against the majority, termed the dissenting opinion. This Justice explains the reason they and possibly other dissenters saw legal reason to vote against the majority. In a very divided decision those Justices who voted with the majority did not agree as to why. In addition, those who voted with the minority didn’t agree with each other either. In this very rare instance, multiple Justices may write separate opinions, possibly all nine. Some may write additions to other opinions if their view of the legalities concerning the case was close but not the same. In a per curium decision the opinion(s) may be unanimous and are usually very short in length. These are the cases that either was not important enough to be heard by the highest court or a technical issue precluded the Justices from hearing the

Arab and Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arab and Israel - Essay Example They way Israel reacts to these challenges will affect how western world perceives it and may determine whether peace in the Middle East will ever be a reachable goal. Tensions in the region have been high for decades but the Arab uprisings in the spring of 2011 have given cause for heightened concerns for Israel. Many countries in the Middle East such Tunisia, Libya and Egypt have dethroned their leaders and replaced them by democratic process. Syria has been in turmoil for over a year with no end to the bloody conflict expected soon. Egypt was an American ally and has honored its 1979 peace treaty with Israel but what the election of Mohamed Morsi, a member of the Muslim Brotherhood, will mean to peace is uncertain. Some fear the uprisings may encourage groups such as Hezbollah to the north, Fatah on the west and Hamas to the south to rise up against what they identify as their oppressor, Israel. The combination of recent and distant history may be putting the Israeli government on edge, so much so it’s possible they are overreacting to the latest events in Gaza. Arabs will tell you Israel has been in the habit of overreacting for a long time and present grim evidence in the form of body counts. It has been said that a two-state (Palestinian/Israeli) solution could have produced an enduring peace but no more. Israel has played the bully on the block for too long and no solution will likely ever be viable. A generation of Arabs, along with Persians in Iran and Muslims of all ethnic backgrounds, has witnessed Israel’s encroachment on lands and suppression of Arabs. They have grown up hating Zionists, not necessarily Jews in Israel. Zionist means to support the Jewish state of Israel. The actions and vitriolic words of the war-hawkish Netanyahu have only furthered the Arab mistrust of Israel. He is opposed to a Palestinian state, continues to expand Israeli borders by authorizing the building of